This task is about Hungary in the Árpád period.
From the so-called 2nd Book of Laws by (Saint) Ladislaus I, ca. 1077:
1 Above all, we have resolved by oath that if any relative of a nobleman is found guilty of stealing something of a value higher than that of a hen, no one shall hide or protect him. We also want the thief to be hanged and all his possessions taken unless he finds refuge in the church.
2 If a slave is found guilty of stealing, he shall not redeem his nose with money unless he finds refuge in the church, at the royal court, or at the feet of the bishop. If he finds refuge there, the person who was guarding the slave shall not receive a share of the thief’s possessions. If a slave is caught the second time, he shall be hanged.
8 If someone takes his sword and kills another person, he shall be sent to prison for a royal verdict and all his possessions, that is his vineyards, his fields, his servants and his slaves, shall be divided into three parts, and two parts shall be given to the relatives of the murdered person, while the third part shall go to the murderer’s children and his wife. If his fortune is smaller than one hundred and ten penza, he shall lose his liberty.
13 If a cleric steals a goose, a hen, fruit or something of the kind, his master shall punish him with a beating, but he must return all that he has stolen. If he steals something of greater value, his bishop shall demote him and he shall receive his punishment in a temporal court.”
From the 1st Book of Laws by (Saint) Ladislaus I:
11 If someone fails to go to the church of their parish on Sundays or the principal holidays, he shall be corrected with beatings.
22 Those who follow the pagan customs of offering oblations by wells or taking gifts to trees, sources or rocks will pay for their sin with an ox.”
From the 1st Book of Laws by Coloman the Booklover, ca. 1100:
14 Lay judges shall not call clerics to court.
50 c) The dean and the temporal judge shall pass judgment in the case of simple murders jointly and they shall share the ninth and the tithe between them.
51 a) The captured thief shall be kept bound with ropes for three days, but his hands shall not be scorched and he shall not be burnt with fire. He shall be taken to stand before his judge on the fourth day.”
a) Make pairs of the numbers of the items and titles of the paragraphes.
Titles of the paragraphes:
a) On courts with jurisdiction in various cases of murder
b) On murder
c) On taking the captured thief to his judge
d) On the exemption of clerics from temporal law
e) On the pagans
f) On the people avoiding the mass
g) On theft committed by a member of the church
h) On theft committed by relatives of nobles
i) On theft committed by slaves
b) Collect the names of the social class from the texts.
c) What kind of possession has a noble?
Vocabulary:
beating vesszőzés
dean esperes
demote lefokoz
exemption mentesség
fortune vagyon
guard őriz
hen tyúk
jointly együttesen, közösen
jurisdiction bíráskodás
lay világi
ninth kilenced
oath eskü
oblation áldozat
ox ökör
parish plébánia
pass judgement ítél
redeem megváltani
resolve elhatároz
rope kötél
scorch megpörköl
source forrás
temporal court királyi bíróság
temporal judge világi bíró
theft lopás
tithe tized
verdict ítélet
well kút
